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Click here to login or registerGet exited with a different Devotional Image on every level. In Image Stripper, devote yourself to God. It has very simple rule: Clear the covered Picture to get wonderful Spiritual image! Avoid the Killer moving balls to save your life. The first two levels may be a cakewalk with a retreat, but the last three will force you to move strategically and to act very fast. SUPPORTED DEVICE LG B2070,LG B2150,LG C1100,LG C1150,LG C2600,LG CP150,LG G1610,LG G5300,LG G5300i,LG GB170,LG GB190,LG KG190,LG KG220,LG KG225,LG KP100,LG KP130,LG KP150Q,LG KP151Q,LG KP152Q,LG KP200,LG MG230d,Nokia 2610,Nokia 2626,Nokia 3220,Nokia 5140i,Nokia 6020,Nokia 6021,Nokia 6030,Nokia 6230,Nokia 6822,Nokia 7260,Samsung B110,Samsung B130,Samsung B200,Samsung B300,Samsung B3210 CorbyTXT,Samsung C130,Samsung C140,Samsung C160,Samsung C180,Samsung C210,Samsung C230,Samsung C240,Samsung C250,Samsung C260,Samsung C270,Samsung C275,Samsung C450,Samsung E1070,Samsung E1080T,Samsung E1085T,Samsung E1100,Samsung E1107 Crest Solar,Samsung E1110,Samsung E1120,Samsung E1125,Samsung E1390,Samsung E1410,Samsung E2120,Samsung E410,Samsung E600,Samsung M110,Samsung M130,Samsung M140,Samsung T119,Samsung T119,Samsung X140,Samsung Z107,Sony Ericsson J230i,Sony Ericsson J300c,Sony Ericsson J300i,Sony Ericsson K300i